About Protein
Proteins are essential parts of organisms. They participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes or 'functional proteins' that speed up the rate of biochemical reaction in your body by acting as a catalyst. These are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signalling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle.
Proteins are necessary in human diets, since we cannot synthesize all the amino acids we need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, we break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism. The amino acids that an organism cannot synthesize on its own (from other foods) are referred to as essential amino acids.
Skin, hair, nails, bones, connective tissue and skeletal muscle are all predominantly made from Protein. Other proteins in your body include antibodies, enzymes and insulin.
Protein is the second most abundant substance in the body after water, making up approximately 15-20%. In order for muscle growth to occur, you must consume more protein than your body utilises every day.
Amino acids
The smallest units of a protein are called amino acids that bond together to form protein. There are 20 amino acids that are required for growth and from these there are tens of thousands of different protein molecules that can be formed. Essential & Non-essential amino acids There are ten “Essential” amino acids that must be supplied through the diet – the body can produce the other ten.
Essential Amino Acids |
Non-Essential Amino Acids |
Arginine
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine |
Alanine
Asparagine
Aspartic Acid
Cysteine
Glutamic acid
Glutamine
Glycine
Proline
Serine
Tyrosine |
Complete proteins are those that contain a balanced combination of all the amino acids, in the exact requirements for growth. These ‘complete proteins’ are easier for the body to absorb and use. Complete proteins include meats, fish, poultry, cheese, eggs, yogurt, milk, buckwheat, hempseed, meat, poultry, soybeans, quinoa, seafood, and spirulina.
For most people of average weight, the protein intake is set at less than 70 grams each day. Athletes may require quite a bit more than this to support.
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